BIM: What is it, how does it work, and how can it help us?

BIM stands for “Building Information Modeling” and is defined as the digital representation of the physical and functional characteristics of an object, regardless of its nature. It consists of a 3D model that contains all the physical, performance, and functional data of the object.


However, BIM is not just a new format for 3D representation; it is a technology that allows the creation of an informative and shared model containing useful information in every phase of the design process. This includes technical drawings, building geometries, object geolocation, material properties, thermal characteristics, energy performance, installations, safety, maintenance, demolition, etc.

In our case, the information we would share pertains to the geometry of the taps, properties of the materials used, technical specifications, and all relevant technical details to assist the designer in project development.

A step forward in project design

Currently, there are four levels of BIM, as follows:

  • Level 0 – Standardized CAD: Essentially, it involves organizing work in a traditional manner.
  • Level 1 – Solitary BIM: Parametric design methods and data management are used internally without establishing any collaboration with other professionals.
  • Level 2 – Collaborative BIM: Collaboration takes place among the parties involved in the design, and information is shared through a common file.
  • Level 3 – Shared BIM: All professionals work simultaneously on the same model to receive real-time updates.

 There are several levels of detail (LOD) that define the level of precision of the information contained within the BIM model. They provide a reference point that allows all parties involved into construct the BIM model with the same degree of definition and content precision.

The LODs are as follows:

  • LOD 100: The element is represented in a generic manner, and further information can be derived from other sources.
  • LOD 200: The element is represented with generic quantities, dimensions, shape, position, and orientation.
  • LOD 300/350: The element is represented with correct quantities, dimensions, shape, position, and orientation.
  • LOD 400: The element is represented with correct quantities, dimensions, shape, position, and orientation, and includes details related to fabrication, assembly, and installation.
  • LOD 500: The element accurately reflects reality and is a verified representation in terms of quantities, dimensions, shape, position, and orientation.

In relation to this, the Italian standard that refers to the aforementioned LODs is UNI 11337-4:2017, and they are defined according to the scale listed below:

  • LOD A: Entities are graphically represented through a symbolic geometric system or a reference-based depiction without geometric constraints. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics are indicative.
  • LOD B: Entities are virtually represented as a generic geometric system or a spatial geometry. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics are approximated.
  • LOD C: Entities are virtually represented as a defined geometric system. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics are generically defined within the limits of current regulations and reference technical standards, applicable to a plurality of similar entities.
  • LOD D: Entities are virtually represented as a detailed geometric system. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics are specific to a defined plurality of similar products. The interface with other specific construction systems, including approximate maneuvering and maintenance clearances, is defined.
  • LOD E: Entities are virtually represented as a specific geometric system. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics are specific to a single defined product system. The level of detail regarding fabrication, assembly, installation, and specific maneuvering and maintenance clearances is defined.
  • LOD F: Objects express the virtualization verified on-site of the specific production system executed/constructed. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics are specific to the laid and installed product’s single production system. Management, maintenance, repair, and replacement interventions to be performed throughout the life cycle of the work are defined for each individual product.
  • LOD G: Objects express the updated virtualization of the current state of an entity at a defined time. Management, maintenance, repair, and replacement interventions to be performed throughout the life cycle of the work are defined for each individual product.

Benefits and Future

BIM helps clients, architects, and engineers provide information to manage infrastructure throughout its life cycle, reducing operational costs and maintenance interventions.

The utilization of BIM in infrastructure projects is increasing, inducing many operators in the industry to adopt it to achieve greater competitiveness and secure new contracts.

Projects that embrace a BIM-based approach offer several advantages, including:

  • Reduced project rework.
  • Fewer errors.
  • Improved collaboration among involved parties.
  • Streamlined and efficient maintenance.
  • Proper and sustainable resource management.

So much so that public administrations are increasingly imposing the use of BIM in their projects. In fact, in Italy, with the approval of DM 560 in 2017, the methods and timelines for the progressive introduction of the BIM method in construction and infrastructure were established, leading to its complete implementation by 2025 (subject to extensions and/or derogations).

That being said, BIM is a tool that is gaining more and more prominence in our work lives, helping us simplify the work of others for greater precision and speed in the design and development of small and large projects. Our BIM files are available on the product page of each item.

by Francesco Balbo

Technical Office

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